The Importance of Maintaining a Proper Lookout and Taking Timely Preventive Action to Avoid the Risk of Collision

Maintaining a proper lookout and taking timely preventive action to avoid collisions at sea is a fundamental principle of safe and responsible navigation. This is achieved by visual observation, by hearing, and by all available means.
The duty of the navigator is not limited to reacting when an immediate risk of collision becomes apparent, as such action is often taken too late. It is essential to identify the risk of collision at an early stage and to take appropriate measures in a timely manner to avoid close-quarters situations.
Even a brief lapse in lookout or reduced attention, when combined with other factors, may lead to undesirable consequences. Officers of the watch should not engage in administrative tasks or other distracting activities during navigation, as these reduce situational awareness and may delay or prevent timely decision-making to mitigate risk.
Where available, radar and integrated ARPA systems should be used as valuable tools in assessing the risk of collision, particularly in areas of dense traffic. The integrated use of electronic navigation systems and visual observation significantly enhances navigational safety.
The Agency has previously issued several similar safety lessons concerning the principles of maintaining a proper lookout and collision avoidance. All recipients are therefore invited to take note of the following:
– AIN05-SL-1/2024: The importance of maintaining a proper lookout and taking timely preventive action to avoid the risk of collision
– AIN05-SL-4/2026: Maintaining a proper lookout and taking preventive action to avoid the risk of grounding
Recipients: This safety lesson is addressed to all seafarers, especially for members of the navigational watch, as well as those undergoing education and training for such duties; legal entities engaged in maritime education and professional training; and shipping companies.